ID   ALGE4_AZOVI    STANDARD;      PRT;   553 AA.
AC   Q44493;
DT   10-OCT-2003 (Rel. 42, Created)
DT   10-OCT-2003 (Rel. 42, Last sequence update)
DT   01-FEB-2005 (Rel. 46, Last annotation update)
DE   Poly(beta-D-mannuronate) C5 epimerase 4 (EC 5.1.3.-) (Mannuronan
DE   epimerase 4).
GN   Name=algE4;
OS   Azotobacter vinelandii.
OC   Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Pseudomonadales;
OC   Pseudomonadaceae; Azotobacter.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=354;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE.
RC   STRAIN=E;
RX   MEDLINE=96065700; PubMed=7476166;
RA   Ertesvaag H., Hoeidal H.K., Hals I.K., Rian A., Doseth B., Valla S.;
RT   "A family of modular type mannuronan C-5-epimerase genes controls
RT   alginate structure in Azotobacter vinelandii.";
RL   Mol. Microbiol. 16:719-731(1995).
RN   [2]
RP   CHARACTERIZATION.
RC   STRAIN=E;
RX   MEDLINE=99230244; PubMed=10212201; DOI=10.1074/jbc.274.18.12316;
RA   Hoeidal H.K., Ertesvaag H., Skjaak-Braek G., Stokke B.T., Valla S.;
RT   "The recombinant Azotobacter vinelandii mannuronan C-5-epimerase AlgE4
RT   epimerizes alginate by a nonrandom attack mechanism.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 274:12316-12322(1999).
RN   [3]
RP   EXPRESSION.
RC   STRAIN=E;
RX   MEDLINE=21132699; PubMed=11243259;
RX   DOI=10.1046/j.1462-2920.2000.00074.x;
RA   Hoeidal H.K., Glaerum Svanem B.I., Gimmestad M., Valla S.;
RT   "Mannuronan C-5 epimerases and cellular differentiation of Azotobacter
RT   vinelandii.";
RL   Environ. Microbiol. 2:27-38(2000).
RN   [4]
RP   REVIEW.
RX   MEDLINE=20391728; PubMed=10937941; DOI=10.1006/mben.1999.0130;
RA   Ertesvaag H., Hoeidal H.K., Schjerven H., Glaerum Svanem B.I.,
RA   Valla S.;
RT   "Mannuronan C-5-epimerases and their application for in vitro and in
RT   vivo design of new alginates useful in biotechnology.";
RL   Metab. Eng. 1:262-269(1999).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Converts beta-D-mannuronic acid (M) to alpha-L-guluronic
CC       acid (G), but introduces almost exclusively MG blocks, producing a
CC       polymer with non-gel-forming capacity.
CC   -!- COFACTOR: Calcium.
CC   -!- ENZYME REGULATION: Inhibited by zinc.
CC   -!- PATHWAY: Alginate biosynthesis.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Extracellular. Probably exported via the
CC       hemolysin-type secretion pathway.
CC   -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Produced in encysting cells.
CC   -!- DOMAIN: Composed of one catalytically active A module and one R
CC       module.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Each enzyme of this family of C5 epimerases
CC       introduces its own characteristic sequence distribution of G-
CC       blocks in their substrates, explaining the extensive sequence
CC       variability of alginates. These alginates of varying composition
CC       have different physical properties and are necessary at different
CC       stages of the bacterium life cycle.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the D-mannuronate C5-epimerase family.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Contains 2 hemolysin-type calcium-binding repeats.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Contains 8 PbH1 repeats.
CC   --------------------------------------------------------------------------
CC   This Swiss-Prot entry is copyright. It is produced through a collaboration
CC   between  the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics  and the  EMBL outstation -
CC   the European Bioinformatics Institute.  There are no  restrictions on  its
CC   use as long as its content is in no way modified and this statement is not
CC   removed.
CC   --------------------------------------------------------------------------
DR   EMBL; L39096; AAA87310.1; -.
DR   PIR; S77623; S77623.
DR   InterPro; IPR006633; CASH.
DR   InterPro; IPR001343; Hemlysn_Ca_bind.
DR   InterPro; IPR006626; PbH1.
DR   InterPro; IPR011050; Pectin_lyas_like.
DR   Pfam; PF00353; HemolysinCabind; 2.
DR   PRINTS; PR00313; CABNDNGRPT.
DR   SMART; SM00722; CASH; 2.
DR   SMART; SM00710; PbH1; 8.
DR   PROSITE; PS00330; HEMOLYSIN_CALCIUM; 3.
KW   Alginate biosynthesis; Calcium; Isomerase; Multigene family; Repeat.
FT   REPEAT      133    155       PbH1 1.
FT   REPEAT      157    179       PbH1 2.
FT   REPEAT      180    202       PbH1 3.
FT   REPEAT      204    226       PbH1 4.
FT   REPEAT      234    256       PbH1 5.
FT   REPEAT      257    279       PbH1 6.
FT   REPEAT      280    301       PbH1 7.
FT   REPEAT      320    342       PbH1 8.
FT   REPEAT      403    420       Hemolysin-type calcium-binding 1.
FT   REPEAT      421    438       Hemolysin-type calcium-binding 2.
SQ   SEQUENCE   553 AA;  57709 MW;  2806B4AEA3FFF128 CRC64;
     MDYNVKDFGA LGDGVSDDRA SIQAAIDAAY AAGGGTVYLP AGEYRVSAAG EPGDGCLMLK
     DGVYLAGAGM GETVIKLIDG SDQKITGMVR SAYGEETSNF GMRDLTLDGN RDNTSGKVDG
     WFNGYIPGGD GADRDVTIER VEVREMSGYG FDPHEQTINL TIRDSVAHDN GLDGFVADYL
     VDSVFENNVA YANDRHGFNV VTSTHDFVMT NNVAYGNGSS GLVVQRGLED LALPSNILID
     GGAYYDNARE GVLLKMTSDI TLQNADIHGN GSSGVRVYGA QDVQILDNQI HDNAQAAAVP
     EVLLQSFDDT AGASGTYYTT LNTRIEGNTI SGSANSTYGI QERNDGTDYS SLIDNDIAGV
     QQPIQLYGPH STVSGEPGAT PQQPSTGSDG EPLVGGDTDD QLQGGSGADR LDGGAGDDIL
     DGGAGRDRLS GGAGADTFVF SAREDSYRTD TAVFNDLILD FEASEDRIDL SALGFSGLGD
     GYGGTLLLKT NAEGTRTYLK SFEADAEGRR FEVALDGDHT GDLSAANVVF AATGTTTELE
     VLGDSGTQAG AIV
//